-< 94-02 Cruise Plan >- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Following is the cruise plan for our May Line P cruise as submitted to WHPO. Frank

Cruise Plan: Repeat Hydrography along Line PR6. Dates: May 9 to 29, 1994 Area: N.E. Pacific Ocean, Line PR6 and Station PRS1 Ship: John P. Tully Institute: Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C. Canada Chief Scientist: Frank Whitney EXPOCODE: 18DD9402/1

Overview We will continue our time series measurements along Line PR6 and at OWS Papa (PRS1). Both JGOFS and WOCE participants will carry out active programs. race metal clean procedures will be used to collect water for productivity studies. Net tows to 50m will sample spring zooplankton stocks. A current meter mooring at station P20 will be recovered, ending a study of mid depth eddies (H. Freeland). Sediment traps at stations P4 and PS1 will be sampled and returned. Samples provide a continuing record of biogenic fluxes to deep ocean (C.S. Wong).

A complete set of CTD profiles will be collected at 27 stations along Line PR6. Rosette casts will be taken at 6 locations. Sampling includes salts, nutrients, CFCs, TCO2, alkalinity, O2, POC/N and DOC/N.

During this cruise, our final preparations for WOCE Line P15N will be made. Several students and volunteers from other IOS groups will be trained to assist in sampling and sample analysis.

Scientific Goals

Variability in water circulation in the NE Pacific remains a primary reason for continuing this time series. A gradual freshening of surface waters off the Canadian west coast is being followed, as are periodic influxes of abnormally warm waters which affect fall salmon migration.

Estimates of biological productivity in the NE Pacific in the past decade have been substantially higher than earlier work suggested. Sediment traps record occasional high fluxes of organic material to the deep ocean. We hope that the importance of the north Pacific as a sink for CO2 can be better assessed with adequate seasonal measurements of biological fluxes.

Parameters, Contributing Institutes, Personnel --------------------------------------------------- Parameter/Instr. Group Principal Investigator

Nutrients IOS Frank Whitney Oxygen, salinity IOS Howard Freeland Sediment Trap mooring IOS C.S. Wong Current meter mooring IOS Howard Freeland Rosette/CTD IOS Ron Perkin Carbonate chem. IOS C.S. Wong Chlorofluorocarbons IOS C.S. Wong Productivity studies UBC Philip Boyd/C.S. Wong

Participants and role ------------------------------- Frank Whitney Chief scientist, nutrients Bernard Minkley Oxygen, salinity Ron Bellegay Moorings, sampling Tim Soutar Moorings, sampling Reg Bigham Moorings, sampling John Love CTDs, sampling Keith Johnson Carbonate chemistry Wendy Richardson CFCs Philip Boyd Productivity studies Diana Varela N recycling Sean Doherty Zooplankton Mark Wen Zooplankton Marie Robert Sampling, data acquisition Hugh McLean Sampling

Water Sampling, Onboard and Underway Measurements

Small-Volume sampling: 23 bottle rosette with 10 L Niskins.

CTDs: Guildline 8737, 8705.

Salinometer: Guildline Portasal Salinometer.

Nutrient Analysis: Technicon 4 channel Autoanalyzer.

Oxygen: autotitration micro-Winkler with colorimetric end-point.

Hydro casts with 10 and 35 L Go-Flo samplers on Kevlar wire will provide detail of trace metals, primary production, nutrients and chlorophyll in the upper 100 m at selected stations.

Sea water loop samples (USW) will be taken at each station for salinity, chlorophyll, nutrients and TCO2. pCO2/pCH4 will be sampled continuously every hour from both the sea water loop and atmosphere.

Specialized sampling for plankton will occur throughout the cruise, including vertical net tows and Tucker trawls.

Cruise track and Stations

A series of coastal stations through Saanich Inlet and Haro Strait will be occupied to give participants in P15N some experience with Rosette handling and sample analysis. The rest of our ship time will be used to sample Line PR6 and station PRS1.

St'n Lat. W Long. N Depth Sampling

SH01 (SI1) 48 31.5 123 32.25 190 Rosette SH02 (SI3) 48 33.5 123 30.8 220 Rosette SH03 (SI5) 48 35.6 123 30.0 225 Rosette SH04 (SI8) 48 39.4 123 30.0 175 Rosette SH05 (SI11) 48 42.85 123 30.0 100 Rosette SH06 48 43.55 123 25.0 200 Rosette SH07 48 43.5 123 16.0 170 Rosette SH08 (F10) 48 40.9 123 15.3 340 Rosette SH09 (F07) 48 36.8 123 13.0 250 Rosette SH10 (F05) 48 33.8 123 13.0 290 Rosette SH11 (F01) 48 28.7 123 08.6 280 Rosette

Esquimalt (Port call) load Lantec winch

JF1 48 16.0 123 30.0 150 USW only JF2 48 18.0 124 00.0 180 USW only JF3 48 27.0 124 30.0 230 USW only JF4 48 32.3 125 00.0 60 USW only

Line PR6 P1 48 34.5 125 30.0 120 ROS P2 48 36.0 126 00.0 114 CTD P3 48 37.5 126 20.0 730 CTD P4 48 39.0 126 40.0 1300 ROS, Bio, Mooring P5 48 41.5 127 10.0 2100 CTD P6 48 44.6 127 40.0 2500 CTD P7 48 46.6 128 10.0 2450 CTD P8 48 49.0 128 40.0 2440 ROS P9 48 51.4 129 10.0 2340 CTD P10 48 53.6 129 40.0 2660 CTD P11 48 56.0 130 10.0 2700 CTD P12 48 58.2 130 40.0 3300 ROS, Bio. P13 49 02.6 131 40.0 2875 CTD P14 49 07.4 132 40.0 3275 CTD P15 49 12.0 133 40.0 3200 CTD P16 49 17.0 134 40.0 3550 ROS, Bio. P17 49 21.0 135 40.0 3200 CTD P18 49 26.0 136 40.0 3775 CTD P19 49 30.0 137 40.0 3850 CTD P20 49 34.0 138 40.0 3890 ROS, Bio. Mooring P21 49 38.0 139 40.0 3840 CTD P22 49 42.0 140 40.0 3880 CTD P23 49 46.0 141 40.0 3970 CTD P24 49 50.2 142 40.0 3910 ROS P25 50 00.0 143 36.3 3890 CTD P35 50 00.0 144 18.2 4170 CTD P26 (PRS1) 50 00.0 145 00.0 4250 ROS, Moor, Bio., Nets FDSTAR

Legend: USW - uncontaminated sea water, i.e. Loop samples. ROS - Rosette cast to bottom, includes USW. CTD - CTD cast to bottom, includes USW. Bio - shallow bottle casts for biology, net tows. Mooring - mooring deployments and recoveries. FDSTAR- free drifting sediment trap array.

Logistics

Loading will be done at Patricia Bay, B.C. The Lantec Winch will be loaded and unloaded in Esquimalt, B.C.

IOS Cruise Report: ================================================================================ Note 93.4 94-02 JP TULLY May 01- May 31 LINE P/ STATION P 4 of 5 IOSODM::RMBROWN "MISSIONS" 123 lines 7-JUN-1994 13:48

-< Cruise Report - 94-02 >- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cruise/Project Report

Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Institute of Ocean sciences

Sidney, B.C., Canada

To: Regional Science Director.

1. Cruise/Project No.: 9402 2. Dates: May 9 to 27, 1994

3. Project Name: Line P

4. Area(s) of Operation: N.E. Pacific to Station Papa

5. Platform: John P. Tully 6. Master: John Anderson

7. Days Allocated: 19 8. Days at Sea: 16

9. Days lost to weather: eliminated some work at station P26 and missed R20.

10. Days lost to other causes: I day for loading, I for offloading.

11. Appropriateness of platform: excellent

12. Safety issues: (attach narrative if required)

a. bungie system for heave compensation concems ship's personnel. One of

the three elastic cords on the bungie separated at its termination during

a rosette cast at P26, causing the captain to prohibit further use

(he did allow us a single use at station R08 so we could finish our

program).

b. ship wants a copy of certificates which show safe working load for all

deck equipment.

13. Cruise/Project Results:

On May 10, 20 people boarded the Tully for training in WOCE procedures,

in preparation for our fall WOCE survey along 1650W. Five stations in

Saanich Inlet and Haro Strait were sampled by rosette. At 1900 h,

trainees were taken ashore in Sidney and Line P staff joined the ship to

work through the night, sampling an additional 6 stations in Haro and

Juan de Fuca Straits. These stations were selected to match a program

recently started by Dave Mackas at IOS.

After loading the Lantec winch in Esquimalt, we progressed to Line P.

Along this section, we completed all scheduled work, including:

27 CTD stations,

31 loop stations (surface sampling)

6 water profiles by rosette,

4 mooring recoveries and 3 deployments,

productivity incubations and plankton sampling at 5 stations,

one free drifting sediment trap deployment of 3 days and

one free drifting productivity incubation at St P.

Mooring work was successful, as all equipment was apparently

working, when recovered.

A Tucker Trawl being tested by UBC was successful in collecting

zooplankton samples from 3 stations (day and night tows at P26)-

Analysis onboard ship included salinity, nutrients, oxygen, chlorophyll,

CFCs and alkalinity. Additional water samples were collected for total

C02, DOC/N, pOC, OXYGEN-18 and 13C, A total of 82 samples from sequential

sediment traps and 2-3 from free drifting traps were collected.

Weather chased us from St. P before some of the time series experiments

for the UBC program could be completed. We therefore chose to return

via Line R to lightly sample this line. Only 3 profiles were obtained,

one including rosette sampling. UBC's ecosystyem studies included

assessment of plankton biomass (phytoplankton, bacteria and zooplankton),

grazing rates, and N and C uptake by phytoplankton under a

variety of conditions. A 6 day growth experiment looked at the influence

of iron enrichment on phytoplankton growth in the N.E. Pacific and on the

influence of elevated grazing on this growth.

14. Primary Institute: IOS (Climate Chemistry and Ocean Physics)

15. Associated Institutes: Dept. of Oceanography, LJBC

16. Chief Scientist/Affiliation: Frank Whitney, CC

17. Science Staff/Affliliations:

Ron Bellegay, CC Reg Bigham, OP

Tim Soutar, CC John Love, OP

Keith Johnson, CC Bernard Minkley, OP

Wendy Richardson, CC Marie Robert, OP (contract)

Marty Davelaar, CC (contract)

Philip Boyd, LJBC Diana Varella, UBC

Mark Wen, UBC Sean Doherty, UBC

Hugh MacLean, UBC @isim Powlik, UBC

18. Equipment:

Sail: yes ADCP: yes Other: echo sounder

Winches: ----------------------------------------------------------------------

type ID No. Wire type Wire No. Casts/

Condition/Spooling Depth max *Lantec CTD 8000 m .316" CTD wire good, spooling good 30/4200 329 CTD 1482 4050 m .322"CTD wire good,spooling poor 14/3000 310 hydro 1082 4900 m 5/32" good 20/500 320 work bare winch good 455 Spooling 1451 bare winch good

*A leak developed in a seal on the Lantec winch, which caused us to use

the 329 winch for the 3 stations along Line R.

We also had power interruption@s to the Guildline CTD on several casts,

and problems logging data when a cast had to be restarted.

Equipment Deployed/recovered

Description Recovery Deployment ----------------------------------------------------------------------

QEP Mooring 6 current meters

Free drifting sediment 23 samples intact 9 bongo traps

traps to 1000 m

Sequential sediment traps 4 traps, all working properly 4 traps

Drogued drifters 6 in an array

at P26

Productivity incubator 9 depths to 100 m half day at P26

Specialized Equipment:

Tucker Trawl used to sample zooplankton in depth ranges to 500 m.

On deck incubators for productivity studies (uptake of C and N)

19. Comments and recommendations:

We are mostly prepared for our WOCE section in September. I am concerned about problem with the Lantec winch and CTD data collection. A new heave compensation system is needed quickly, for testing before our WOCE line. The ship's crew and officers were cooperative as usual,

as was the weather (a pleasant change from February).

A shipboard meeting regarding the coming WOCE line provided several suggestions for increasing the sociability of this lengthy trek. The major concern was in dealing with health problems should they arise far from a port of call. I will remind all scientific personnel by memo to be responsible for their own medical and dental well-being.

================================================================================ Note 93.5 94-02 JP TULLY May 01- May 31 LINE P/ STATION P 5 of 5 IOSCCS::JOE "Joe Linguanti 363-6586" 339 lines 11-SEP-1995 09:40

-< Cruise 940-02 CTD processing notes. >- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Processing notes

Cruise 94-02

May 10 - 25 1994

49 original files, casts 1-52. 43 files processed.

Three CTD probes were used: WOCE CTD serial 59,901, CTD6, and 58,483.

1. Program Calib.

Calibration coefficients given by Ron Perkin (WOCE CTD), John Love (58483) and Ron Cooke (CTD6)

WOCE CTD

Pressure 0 1 0 Temperature -5.91775 7.7834E-5 1.92916E-13 Conductivity_Ratio -0.124879E-3 0.3393272E-5 0.1155538E-15

58483

Pressure 0 3000 Temperature 0.4765000E-1 0.998962E0 Conductivity_Ratio -0.21838E-2 0.10020E+1

CTD6

Pressure 0 1 (Joe Linguanti) Temperature -0.12264 0.98219 Conductivity_Ratio -0.00029139 1.00118186

These coefficients are different to the one in the headers, as given by running the Program CALSUM. So a file CALIB_9402.DAT has been created to use in mode "UNION" when running the program CALIB.

2. Program SURFACE.

The program SURFACE shows that there is an important pressure offset for CTD 58483 and CTD6. Many notes are written in the logbook concerning the pressure offset of CTD 58483, so all casts done with that CTD have been recalibrated with a pressure offset of -6.0. Concerning CTD6, Ron Perkin said that it is quite common to have a pressure offset with CTD6. Ron Cooke does not have any value for pressure from the last calibration of CTD6 done during May 1994, but Ron Perkin had some value of a calibration made in March 1993 which shows a pressure offset of 18 db. Ron Perkin also said that the software of CTD6 has been changed since that March 1993 calibration, so that the value given by the Program SURFACE was quite likely to be good. So all casts done with CTD6 have been recalibrated with a pressure offset of -12.2.

When the Program SURFACE is rerun after the new calibration (taking into account the pressure offset), the average is 0.335, which is good.

3. Program Hsummary.

The latitude and longitude written in some headers are different to those written in the "Alt S start position" line in the comments. That will be checked with the program Cruise_Plot.

4. Program Cruise_plot.

Stations MP03, MP05 and MP13 seem to be at the wrong position. Station MP18 doesn't show up. Cf. 14.Particulars.

5. Program Speedchk.

Station MP02 : 7.7 knots, Station MP03 : 0.2 knots, Station MP04 : 8.9 knots. That seems wrong and confirms the results of Cruise_Plot (station MP03).

Station MP05 : 0.06 knots, Station MP06 : 11.33 knots. Seems wrong again and confirms the results of Cruise_Plot (station MP05).

Station MP12 : 0.0 knots, Station MP13 : 1.8 knots, Station MP04 : 10.14 knots. That seems wrong and confirms the results of Cruise_Plot (station MP13).

Station MP17 : 0.0 knots, Station MP19 : 14.35 knots. Seems wrong again and confirms the results of Cruise_Plot (station MP18).

6. Despiking (Program Despike).

The following parameters were used for all casts.

Channel Fit Over Min Max Min Max Spike Rep

Width lap Value Value Stddev Stddev Tol ------- ----- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ---

P 121 35 0.00 5000.0 0.3000 5.000 4.00 T

T 121 35 0.00 20.0 0.0010 0.080 2.70 T

C 121 35 0.50 0.95 0.00005 0.0013 2.70 T

7. Time compensating (Program Timecomp).

The program has been run according to which CTD was used for

each cast :

WOCE CTD and 58483 :

Temperature probe distance above conductivity

cell mouth : 0.04 m

Sample period : 0.04 s

CTD6 :

Temperature probe distance above conductivity

cell mouth : 0.00 m

Sample period : 0.04 s

8. Swell Removal (Program Delete).

The program has been run a first time with the following

delete parameters :

Surface Record Removal : Last Pressure Min (Option 3).

Maximum Surface Pressure (relative): 0.80

Surface Swell Pressure Tolerance: 0.50

Pressure filtered over width : 21

Swells deleted.

Warning message if pressure difference of 2.00

Drop rates < 0.35 m/s (calculated over 21 points) will be deleted.

Lots of warning message were written in the *.log file. For example :

In input file 94020011.TIM, output file 94020011.DEL *** WARNING A difference of greater than 2.00 at record number 4830

p = 139.361 pprev = 136.303

But these two pressures are NOT consecutive in the *.TIM file,

and the intermediate pressures, 137. and 138., are NOT in the

output file *.DEL. They have been removed. Joe Linguanti said

that this is because of the "Delete slow drop rate" option, and

that this option should NOT be used. Ron Perkin agreed not to

use the option, but said that we might use it again after looking

at the plots.

So the program has been run a second time with the following

delete parameters :

Surface Record Removal : Last Pressure Min (Option 3).

Maximum Surface Pressure (relative): 0.80

Surface Swell Pressure Tolerance: 0.50

Pressure filtered over width : 21

Swells deleted.

Warning message if pressure difference of 2.00

Slow drop rates NOT deleted.

Program had to be run again on casts 16, 30, 35, 39, 44, 51, 52, files *.TIM. (See 14.Particulars).

==========

Something was "weird" with the program DELETE. The WARNING messages in the *.LOG files were not exactly what was in the file, even after the "Delete Slow Drop Rate" option was turned off. For example, in the file 94020030.tim, two of the warning messages were :

*** WARNING A difference of greater than 2.00 at record number 14166

p = 828.542 pprev = 636.795 *** WARNING A difference of greater than 2.00 at record number 45995

p = 2514.907 pprev = 2403.352

but the pressure following 363.79 was 4663.50 instead of 828.54, and the pressure following 2403.35 was 4745.47 instead of 2514.91. The line of data was obviously wrong, with bad temperature and salinity. It is just weird that what was written in the *.LOG file was different than in the *.TIM files. Because of that, the only way of finding the bad line was by using the record number. The "FIND" option of the editor could not be used.

9. Rawplot

10. After looking at the plots, Ron Perkin wants to try to run the

program DESPIKE on the casts done with CTD6 and 58483, to despike

the salinity a bit more, in order to have less editing to do by hand.

The following parameters were used :

Channel Fit Over Min Max Min Max Spike Rep

Width lap Value Value Stddev Stddev Tol ------- ----- ---- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ---

S 501 135 30.0 35.0 0.003 0.02 2.7 T

Despike was run on files 12@14; (16 by mistake. Deleted); 17@23; 27@29;

32@34; 36@38; 40@43; 45@47.

When looking at the new plots, new spikes in salinity are found. So Ron decided to keep the previous files, the *.DEL ones. The new *.SPK files are deleted, but the original *.NEW and *.ORG cannot be retrieved.

11. COND_FIX

Concerning the casts done with the WOCE CTD, Joe Linguanti wrote a special program called COND_FIX to fix the conductivity channel. Here are some comments about that program :

Comments on salinity fix ---------------------------- A filtering method was developed to eliminate the increased conductivity caused by a conductivity cell leak which opened when the instrument passed a threshold depth and which was dependant on the lowering rate, reaching a max. offset of about .015 in salinity.

Deeper than the threshold pressure, determined manually for each cast, raw conductivity data was accepted when a negative salinity transition, indicating a closing of the leak, was found exceeding .01 over 2 metres. Data was continued to be accepted if the salinity did not change by more than .002 over 2 metres, otherwise, salinity was extrapolated using the slope over the previous 15 m of good data. Positive conductivity corrections were not allowed.

The files on which that special filter has been applied, as well as the threshold depth used for each, is listed below :

94020024.del 2000 m 94020030.del 2000 m 94020035.del 2300 m 94020039.del 350 m 94020044.del 350 m 94020049.del 800 m

After running the COND_FIX program, the salinity data are still not very good, mainly for casts 39 and 44. Ron Perkin said to leave data as they are. He will compare with the bottle data and give appropriate quality value.

12. Editing

Editing was done by Marie Robert. Ron Perkin previously

marked the plots for editing. Only the major peaks in

the transmissivity channel have been deleted (800 % or

-20 %)

13. Meter average (Program Binave).

The following average parameters were used :

Bin Channel : pressure.

Averaging interval : 1.0 m

Minimum bin value : 0.0

Average values will be used.

Interpolated values are NOT used for empty bins.

The program BINAVE crashed when it reached the casts done with CTD6 because there were too many channels in those files. So the program REMOVECH has been run on the CTD6 files to remove the following channels :

1 Voltage:reference 2 Digital_IO 3 Voltage:reference:2 7 Temperature:thermistor1 8 Temperature:thermistor2 9 Temperature:digiquartz 12 Conductivity_ratio:2

The program BINAVE sometimes crashed because of negative pressure at the beginning of some casts. The program DELETE seems to have missed some .... The negative pressures have been deleted. So the information in the header of these files (MIN and MAX values) are thus wrong.

14. Particulars.

Cast 14, Station MP03 : Latitude 48 33.47 changed to 48 37.39

Longitude 125 58.67 changed to 126 19.88 Cast 27, Station MP13 : Latitude 49 0.10 changed to 49 2.62

Longitude 131 3.97 changed to 131 39.92 Cast 33, Station MP18 : Station name MP17 changed to MP18

Latitude 49 20.98 changed to 49 26.04

Longitude 135 39.87 changed to 136 40.16

(Previous changes made in *.CAL file)

Cast 17, Station MP05 : Latitude 48 38.61 changed to 48 41.40

Longitude 126 36.46 changed to 127 09.78

Changes made in *.DEL file.

Cast 8, Station SH11 : Latitude 48 28.70 changed to 48 29.64

Longitude 123 8.60 changed to 123 11.30

Changes mage in *.AVG file. ==========

Cast 16, Station MP04 : There is a comment line saying :

"Probe power down on first try at 65m erased file 16 start cast new". But the first has not been erased and the logging has not been stopped, so the first "surface to 65m back to surface" was still in the file. That has been deleted. Also, at the end of the file, there was 265 lines of bad data, pressure 1857 to 1875 m (that station is only about 1350m deep), temperature about 2.0 degrees, and salinity around 34. So it looks like the end of another file that has been appended to that file. Since there is no way to know from what file these data are from, they have been removed too.

Cast 51, Station MR08 : At the end of the file, there was 188 lines of bad data, pressure 1280 to 1269 m, temperature about 2.6 degrees, and salinity around 34. So it looks like the end of another file that has been appended to that file. Since there is no way to know from what file these data are from, they have been removed.

Cast 52, Station MR08 : Same as Cast 51, 147 lines of bad data that seem to come from another file and that have been erased.

Same with Casts 30, 35, 39, 44. These are all Rosette casts done with the WOCE CTD, and they all had data which did not seem to belong to the cast.

AFTER PROGRAM DELETE :

Casts : 25, 26, 42, 50, 51, and 52 are upcasts. So those files *.DEL are deleted.

15. Program Removech

This program has been applied to the *.avg files to remove the

"conductivity_ratio" channel.

Marie Robert

Sep 11, 1995 ------------

Bottle corrections were applied to the REM files produced in step 15. For bottle corrections applied to data see WORD file FINALCOR.DOC and EXCEL file AUG_9402.XLS.